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In mass communication research an new paradigm of media trend is emerging. Most important of all findings in this research is the fact that despite the economic situation, the media remain true to their initial line and view the state of the American- an
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d world-economy positively, rather than negatively. Furthermore, they always remain true to the chosen story line, rarely abandoning its utilization. Current social- or mass-communication science theories are unable to provide a reasonable explanation of
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this phenomenon. This forces us to establish a new - major trend - hypothesis. A partial explanation of the phenomenon described in different researches could be provided by the media-logic hypothesis, but for that it is supposed to be reconsidered. Med
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ia logic has several sub-logics, among which the commercial logic is most important one. Major-trend hypothesis builds upon this logic and understands the commercial logic of the media as the most important of all logics. With commercial logic the primar
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y goal of the media is the generation of revenue and the survival or prosperity of the product in question. It is not denied that there are other very important functions that have to be assumed by the media outlet, or that these functions are of vital i
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mportance for democratic societies. However, it must be argued that without selling the news and, consequently, a media outlet as a consumable good, it would be impossible for the media to assume other functions. Therefore the most important logic of the
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media is to create the product that can be sold with high success. Consequently, every media product has to be considered primarily as a commercial good that needs buyers. The state-funded media outlets should be seen as an exception. Furthermore, the m
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edia has two options: first, to identify the trend (by finding the most sought after products among consumers - to identify demand); second, to create the trend (create the product that will become trendy). Independently of the fact, which way will be ch
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osen to create the product, it is very difficult to establish the products which has a needed demand. The longevity of any product - and especially the successful sale of the media's products - depends on the customer's trust in its quality. For the medi
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a, this trust is dependent on the assumption by the customers that what the media thinks about any particular subject in question is true. In this way, the media differs very much from other institutions (such as governmental or non-governmental offices)
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where communication and especially consequential communication matters, but is not primarily a tool for trust establishment. As an example let us take a close look at US Federal Reserve Communication- Knowingly, US Fed is very important US institution.
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The primary tool for the establishment of trust for the Fed is the growth of the American economy and the maintenance of controlled inflation and low unemployment rates. Communication in this case is a mere tool for interaction with the markets and the m
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edia. Curiously, in-depth analysis of the Fed's communications indicates that there is not trust between the Fed and the market participants; rather, there is a significant distrust, caused by communications by the Fed that are deliberately designed to e
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stablish a certain level of suspense among market participants. This, according to the Fed's communication policy, helps to keep markets in equilibrium. The media, however, is interested in neither market equilibrium nor economic stability. Its major con
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cern is the establishment of a trusted product that will sell for as long as possible. This is only manageable by establishing a story line - or major trend - which will remain unchanged throughout the weeks, months or even years and remain stable throug
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hout the changes in the "real world". As indicated in the research, the media are forced to react to the major events that contradict their arguments, but they always try to downplay the negative aspects of even most negative events, and then re-establis
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h the major trend as soon as possible. According to this research, it is not the political forces or elites that influence the media's coverage; it is the underlying media logic itself that forces the media to keep the established trend for as long as po
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ssible, remaining incredibly unwavering to any outside factors. The development of a major trend and the commercial necessity of its support by any means damn the media to biased coverage of events and poses a great threat to democratic societies where t
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he choices of the citizens increasingly and sometimes completely depend upon objective - and according to the commercial logic, nearly impossible - media coverage. Sulkhan Metreveli is a researcher and political publicist. He is associated with Universit
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y of Zurich, Switzerland. Main areas of his research include media influence of markets, institutions and public sphere. More about the author can be found on http://www.metreveli.net Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Sulkhan_Metreveli We
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often see articles in newspapers or magazines about the shocking extent of poverty in America or some other English-speaking nation. But how often do the articles examine the cause of the poverty? I cannot remember ever seeing such an article. Many pers
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ons of influence -- celebrities, educators, and politicians -- bemoan the extent of poverty. Many of them want to help. Some of them actually do help, but the help is almost always something involving providing money or physical items to temporarily reli
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eve the symptoms -- the pain and suffering brought on by poverty. It is almost never something which will enable those in poverty to permanently escape their poverty. It is like the saying, "Give a man a fish and you feed him for a day. Teach a man to fi
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sh and you feed him for a lifetime." Using this analogy, in order to teach a man to fish (i.e. escape poverty through his own actions), you have to understand what is causing him to be in poverty. Otherwise, any help you provide will merely fight the sym
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ptoms of the problem rather than solving the problem. It is like giving someone aspirin to relieve the pain of pneumonia rather than antibiotics to end the pneumonia. The most statistically accurate and thorough study of English functional illiteracy eve
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r commissioned by the U.S. government was a five-year, $14 million study involving lengthy interviews of 26,049 U.S. adults. The interviewees were statistically balanced for age, gender, ethnicity, and location (urban, suburban, or rural in a dozen state
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s and several prisons across the U.S.) to represent the entire U.S. population. This study, titled Adult Literacy in America, proves that 48.7% of U.S. adults (over 93 million of them) are functionally illiterate (i.e. they read and write so poorly that
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they cannot hold an above-poverty-level-wage job) and proves they are more than twice as likely to be in poverty because of functional illiteracy as for all other reasons combined. The U.S. Census Bureau reports a much higher literacy rate, but if you se
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e how the literacy rate that they report was obtained, you will undoubtedly agree with Jonathan Kozol (who describes the literacy rate determination process in his shocking book Illiterate America) that the reported figure vastly overestimates the litera
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cy rate -- and the Adult Literacy in America report proves it. Although there is no evidence of deliberate falsification of the literacy rate, it is in the short term best interest of educators and politicians to believe the rosy reports of our literacy
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rate. Believing that we are much more literate than we actually are, however, alleviates any necessity of the drastic action needed to solve the problem. Instead we just continue to treat the symptoms of pain and suffering to the illiterates and the cont
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inued high cost to every U.S. adult. Functional illiteracy costs every adult -- reader and non-reader alike -- an average of $5186 each year for (1) government programs that illiterates use, (2) for truancy, juvenile delinquency, and crime directly relat
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ed to illiteracy, and (3) the higher cost of consumer goods as a result of functional illiterates in the workplace. The higher cost of consumer goods results from (1) higher costs for recruiting and training employees, (2) the cost of preventing and corr
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ecting errors made by illiterate workers, and (3) the reduction in sales of reading materials, higher education courses, and more expensive and luxury items. A study of the changes made in the method used to teach reading and the results achieved by thes
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e changes prove that there have not been any statistically significant improvements in the last eighty years or more. Most of the changes made have come as a result of the 1983 "Nation At Risk" report stating that if a foreign nation had imposed upon us
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our 1983 education system, we would have considered it an act of war. Most American school children of normal intelligence require a minimum of two years to learn to read. Dr. Frank Laubach, who taught adults to read in over 313 alphabetic languages (and
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even invented spelling systems for scores of language groups who had no written language) found that in 98% of the languages in which he taught, he could teach them to read and write fluently in less than three months. In some of the simplest languages,
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such as one or more dialects of the Philippine language, he found that they could learn to read in one hour! Dr. Laubach stated on page 48 of his book, Forty Years With the Silent Billion, "If we spelled English phonetically, American children could be
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taught to read in a week." As far as grammar and syntax are concerned, English is neither the easiest nor the most difficult. One week may be somewhat optimistic, but the grammar and syntax of English is easier than many European languages, all of whose
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speakers learn to read in less than three months. There are more than 1.3 billion English-speaking people around the world, more than speak any language dialect other Mandarin Chinese. The vast majority of Mandarin Chinese speakers live in China. English
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is used more than any other language to speak to someone who does not understand the speaker's native dialect. It is estimated that 600 million of the English-speaking people worldwide (including over 93 million in the U.S. alone) are functionally illit
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erate. People who are honest in evaluating the serious physical, mental, emotional, medical, and financial problems of illiterates and the extent of English functional illiteracy of English-speaking people will have to admit that the many half-measures w
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e have been using for the last eighty years are only fighting the symptoms of the problem, not solving the problem. If we had to endure the problems that functional illiterates must constantly live with, we would consider our problems a crisis. Literacy
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Research Associates, Inc. and NuEnglish, Inc., two non-profit educational corporations, have researched and perfected a system that Dr. Laubach (now deceased) would undoubtedly advocate to solve our literacy problems -- the only proven solution known to
reports.internic.net
be available. It has been proven in over 300 alphabetic languages, but never tried in English. Do you REALLY want to help end poverty in the U.S. and other English-speaking nations? If so, please fight to effect a cure for illiteracy, rather than fightin
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g the symptoms of illiteracy -- the pain and suffering and poverty that illiterates must constantly endure. Bob C. Cleckler, CEO of Literacy Research Assoc., Inc., Vice Pres. of R & D of NuEnglish, Inc., author of 4 published books on ending illiteracy.
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With NuEnglish, detailed in Let's End Our Literacy Crisis, students only need to learn to spell 38 sounds instead of every word in their vocabulary. For information see NuEnglish.org. This website has a free Respeller program which will respell up to abo
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ut 25 pages of English material in a few seconds and flag English words not in the database. The NuEnglish.com website allows you to read the first two chapters explaining the serious problems that illiterates must constantly endure, the extent of functi
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onal illiteracy, and provides a link to order Let's End Our Literacy Crisis, which is also available from Amazon.com. Literacy Research Associates, Inc. based in Salt Lake City, Utah and NuEnglish, Inc. based in Phoenix, Arizona are both non-profit educa
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tional corporations. NuEnglish, Inc. is also a 509(a)(2) public charity. Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Bob_Cleckler Their reunion was unlike any other. Graduates from the Macon, Georgia class of 1959 gathered together in 2009, even th
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ough many of them never had an opportunity to meet during their high school days. Schools in the 1950's, like most other public locations, were segregated in Georgia. Kids were forced to attend different schools depending on the color of their skin, and
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those with white skin were further separated by gender. Fifty years later these people who were not allowed to associate with each other were finally able to connect. It all began with the personal journey of a man named Tom Johnson. He grew up in Macon
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and enjoyed a very successful career which included serving as the publisher of the Los Angeles Times and president of CNN. Tom's life changed drastically over the years, but he still felt the desire to reconnect with his roots. In 2005 Johnson returned
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to Macon with his son, Wyatt. As the pair drove around town, a father recounted high school stories to his son. He talked about how students attended one of three schools: Ballard-Hudson, Lanier or Miller. Wyatt looked over at his father and said: "Dad,
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think about how many friends you missed getting to know." Johnson did spend time thinking about the people he never got the chance to meet. He decided to do something about it. The first step was to find people who graduated from all three schools. Johns
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on wrote to each person and proposed they all get together for a luncheon. He explained that even though they were kept apart during their youth, they didn't have to be separated anymore. People listened, and his classmates received the message with open
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hearts. A reunion date was set for October. More than 200 former Macon students traveled hundreds of miles to reunite with people who went to high school with them, and others that should have. People greeted old friends and made new ones as the celebra
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tion began. It was an unprecedented event; former students coming together to make up for the time they had lost during the days of segregation. For this group, however, even that wasn't enough. The attendees agreed to plan an annual reunion. During the
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year each one would do what they could to break down barriers and bring people together regardless of their race, gender or any other factors. People created a list of 59 things the class of 59 could do to help make this world a better place. One of thei
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r first goals centered around one person who refused to attend the luncheon. Johnson reached out to everyone he could and received an overwhelmingly positive response. Among the replies, however, was one full of hatred and anger. It came from a graduate
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of the all-white school, and it helped prove the fact that even in 2009 we are still dealing with racial issues. When word of this hateful response got around to the revelers, their response was a little surprising. It would have been easy to react with
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anger, but they chose another path. They discussed ideas on how to help their classmate understand that no matter what color anyone is, we are all just people sharing our lives on this planet. With a little luck and a lot of patience the group hopes to h
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ave this person join them at their next reunion. It is heart warming to hear of an event that restarted old friendships and kindled new ones, and we can all join the Macon class of 1959 in attempting to make our world a better place for everyone. Do what
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you can, and celebrate the humanity we all share. We are the People Search experts at PeopleFinders.com, dedicated to helping you find anyone, anywhere. Turn to us when you want to find people, stay connected with others through social networks and reun
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ite with long lost family, friends, classmates, military buddies or anyone else who has been on your mind. Please visit the PeopleFinders blog here. Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Nate_Waymire When we see tragedy strike certain areas s
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uch as natural disasters wreaking havoc in a specific place; one of the most noticeable things we observe is the huge number of people getting together to lend a helping hand. People from all walks of life, strangers and friends alike; suddenly converge
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and do whatever they can to at least ease the damage that has been done; especially to the spirits of the people directly hit by the natural disaster. When we see all this happening, we may begin to ask ourselves Why Do People Volunteer? Whether rich or
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poor; celebrities or ordinary citizens; we see these people working together for one common cause. ONE ACT OF KINDNESS Volunteering is an act of kindness that we extend to those who could use our help. When faced with the issue of Why Do People Volunteer
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; we may find that some people have other motives unfortunate as it may sound; but for the greater majority; the simple acts of volunteering come from the heart and they expect nothing in return. One of the most important reasons behind the question of W
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hy Do People Volunteer is to really help out others in need. For most people who volunteer; the act itself is already rewarding; hence they do it with a positive attitude and they actually come out happier from the experience. When we consider how one ac
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t of kindness can reverberate in ways we could never have imagined; we begin to understand the reason behind Why Do People Volunteer? Without us knowing it, this one simple act of kindness can already make a huge difference in people's lives. This in its
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elf is already rewarding enough. But there are still many other reasons behind Why Do People Volunteer? WHAT CAN WE GET OUT OF VOLUNTEERING? For people who volunteer, there are many other benefits to be reaped such as acquiring new friends, having fun wh
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ile doing something positive; volunteering may also make us feel more needed hence, boosting our confidence in ourselves; putting our efforts and talents behind something we are passionate about; and basically just becoming an inspiration to others. So w
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hen we begin to ask Why Do People Volunteer; we will begin to understand that other than helping others; we are also helping ourselves become better persons. We could also meet people who may become our role models; who may help us get a different and be
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tter perspective on life; who may turn out to be positive influences in our lives. Perhaps our reason behind the question of Why Do People Volunteer are different from others; but the main thing here is that we are willing to give a few hours of our time
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to strangers if only to make them feel that there's something more to look forward to each day. There are various organizations we can check out online to find out how we can volunteer ourselves to their cause. We need only know what we are truly passio
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nate about and we will find that there are various ways for us to help each cause in whatever way we can. Visit these sites if you want more information about why do people volunteer or why do people bully in particular. Article Source: http://EzineArtic
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les.com/?expert=Kenny_Leones Sometimes we come across people who spend their free time volunteering in different organizations and charitable institutions. Sometimes too, we learn of people who volunteer in neighborhood drives; whether it's a clean-up d
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rive; a fund raising for the community or even spending a few hours helping neighbors take care of their overwhelming chores. The possibilities of volunteering are endless. But really, Why Is Volunteering Important? Why do people do it; and some don't? W
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hat can we get out of volunteering our time, effort and sometimes even our resources? THE REWARDS OF VOLUNTEERING Volunteering not only works for those receiving help but also those who do different kinds of volunteering acts. Truth be told, when faced w
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ith the question of Why Is Volunteering Important; there are many reasons why it is beneficial to all concerned. Firstly, when we volunteer our time for a good cause; the rewards we reap are far greater than any promotion we could get from work; or good
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grades we get from school. People who volunteer can't help but feel just a little bit more positive about life. When we see the dire straits of others; we feel lucky and blessed to have a better life. Another reason on Why Is Volunteering Important is th
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at we imbibe in others the spirit of generosity - of giving back to others; even strangers, all the good things we have received in life. It's paying it forward as volunteers would often tell people who ask Why Is Volunteering Important to them? Still pe
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rhaps to others, when asked Why Is Volunteering Important; we say that its importance lies in showing those who need help that the world is still a beautiful place to live in. It's validating that no matter what kind of tragedy strikes; there would alway
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s be a silver lining to every rain cloud. Volunteering also gives hope to those who may have lost all hope to live; who may have lost their trust on humanity. We may even be instrumental in inspiring others to pick up their lives and start over; and perh
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aps also inspire others to volunteer their time, talent and resources. HERE CAN WE VOLUNTEER? If we want to volunteer but don't know where to start; we can always check out different organizations on the internet where they could use all the volunteer h
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elp they can get. These could be helping save animals; making the elderly feel loved and happy again; or we can simply check out our own community and see where we can help. We don't have to start big when considering Why Is Volunteering Important and wh
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ere we can share whatever we have to the less fortunate. Volunteering to help a friend; a family member; giving our time to school activities; and even simply helping someone at random are already good acts of volunteering. There are infinite ways for us
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to do volunteer work; we need only be open to our surroundings and really observe what goes on around us. Before we know it, we could already be in the middle of fund raisers; or helping those struck with natural calamities rebuild their lives again. Vo
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lunteering is a positive chain that goes around making the world a happier place for everyone. Visit these sites if you want more information about why is volunteering important or why is communication important in particular. Article Source: http://Ezin
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eArticles.com/?expert=Kenny_Leones "My government's endeavour would be to create such an atmosphere in the country that... the talent in the country should work to prove that we are unparalleled in the world." - Dr Manmohan Singh, Prime Minister of Indi
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a. As an Indian, I have been witness to innumerable depictions of India - nation of snake charmers, an insular socialist economy and a resurgent economy. National image is a strategic choice rather than an accident and increasingly important with the inc
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reasing interface of the brand India with the world. So what should brand India be to the world? We looked back to look ahead and our study revealed three distinct phases of the evolution of brand India. Colonial India: exotic, earthy and vibrant with a
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nationalistic and multicultural personality. However, it remained the land of the snake charmer. Independent India: socialist, agrarian, austere and largely socialistic. It was seen as narrow minded and insulated. Resurgent India: a blend of the modern a
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nd the traditional. The average Indian is dreaming big with a groundswell of pride seeking social, economic and geopolitical recognition. As the world acknowledges India's tour de force, brand India is at a cross-road. We can either be a 'soft power' ble
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nding tradition with confidence or be arrogant 'hard power' with 'with us or against us' approach. As government, corporate or individuals we need to either emulate the persona of our biggest role model, Sachin Tendulkar, confident of his expertise but n
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evertheless a fierce competitor who plays to win but is a picture of dignity and humility which commands respect or display arrogance of our power and invite suspicion and apprehension - a possible trigger for attacks against Indian students in Australia
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. Brand India should certainly strive to be a 'soft power' with a focus on equitable & measured growth, value diversity and balance economic power with a deft yet firm geo-politics. The real measure of success for brand "Incredible India" would be how In
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dian in general are "valued and welcomed" around the world while India takes its place as a permanent member of the UN Security Council. Visit my blog at http://www.reputare.in. Ashwani is the Chief Executive Officer of Genesis Burson-Marsteller, India's
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most trusted public relations and public affairs firm. Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Ashwani_Singla There are multiple speculations as to the significance of 12 21 2012. This date is the last date on the Mayan Calendar. For many, thi
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s is a prediction of the end of the world. To others, it means a significant change in lifestyles. The Mayans are very famous for their expertise in mathematics and astronomy. Therefore, many scientists believe the significance is related to the alignmen
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t of the stars. Apparently, on this date, the earth will align with the sun and the Milky Way. Science predicts a polar shift is possible within the next few years. If this happens, mankind is unlikely to survive. A polar shift would cause mass destructi
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on on earth. We're talking about earthquakes, tsunami's, hurricanes, tornadoes and possibly another ice age. Many people also believe that this alignment will cause some sort of enlightenment to mankind. Maybe this has something to do with brain usage. H
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umans use a very small portion of their brains, maybe this alignment will somehow wake up the portions of our brains that we have been unable to use so far. Many predictions have been made over the years as to the significance of 12 21 2012. Nostradamus
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believed that earth would be struck by a comet or have a near miss with one. He believed this would ultimately cause the beginning of World War III. Edgar Cayce, the most famous psychic of the 20th century, believed that the earth would experience a magn
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etic pole shift. This would ultimately be the cause of the end of life as we know it My attraction to renewable energy systems comes from the fact that I am preparing to construct a house from scratch in the near future. As a new build it will give me a
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clean slate to work with in which I would like to include as much renewable energy technology as I can. I would like to construct an off the grid house. As I will be building the house from scratch I will be able to incorporate the full spectrum of rene
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wable energy in the design of the house from the low-tech to the high-tech. Passive energy is a "low-tech" approach. A bit of design foresight, when building or remodeling a house, will yield a wide set of possibilities for using solar energy to warm and
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cool your home. The running costs of a building can be reduced if the reliance on mechanical or electrical heating, cooling and lighting can be reduced. Passive solar energy cannot be tacked on to a building. Passive solar energy is not an addition to a
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house that can be added later or at the end of the building process. It is therefore essential to consider the possibilities for passive solar energy right from the start of the building process i.e. at the planning stages. Passive solar energy system m
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ust be incorporated into and form an integral part of an energy efficient building and landscape. The field of passive solar energy involves building design and the placement of appropriate building components to make the best use of sunlight for day lig
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hting, passive heating and/or passive cooling. Besides saving energy, a primary benefit of passive solar is improved comfort for the occupants. Passive solar energy is a resource that does not require machinery. Buildings can, if designed correctly, use
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daylight throughout the year to capture the sun's heat during the winter months and minimize it during the summer. Buildings designed in such a way utilize passive solar energy to help heat, cool, or light them. Your energy requirements can be reduced co
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nsiderably through the use of passive solar design, better insulation and energy efficient appliances. The amount of energy saved will naturally vary on the architectural design of the house, the landscaping surrounding it, and the efficiency of the appl
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iances including the illumination. Many passive solar heating design features also provide day lighting. The use of natural sunlight to light up or brighten a building's interior is known as day lighting. An open floor plan allows the light to reach thro
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ughout the building. This can result in substantial savings on electric bills, and not only provides a higher quality of light, but improves productivity and health. Combining natural day lighting with natural ventilation strategies can considerably redu
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ce energy consumption, making a significant contribution to a sustainable building design. The most common building component used in passive solar energy is the windows. Over a year, most windows loose more energy than they gain. Advanced windows system
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s can actually be net energy suppliers, with better net annual energy performance than the most tightly insulated wall. Advanced windows systems use a combination of double or triple glazings, low-emissive coatings, argon or krypton gas fill, and transpa
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rent insulation. Choosing an advanced window system and placing most of them to face southwards can reduce your annual heating load considerably. Studies have shown that houses designed using such passive solar concepts can require less than half the hea
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ting energy of the same house using conventional windows with random window orientation. In winter, when the external temperature cools down in the evening, the thermal mass will radiate that absorbed heat into the rooms. Proper design and selection of s
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hading devices can also result in reduced cooling loads in the summer. Apart from shading devices a passive solar cooling device such as the thermal chimney can be used to help cool down a house. It is of a similar design to that of a smoke chimney but i
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nstead of smoke it vents hot air out of the house through the roof. You can also build small additions to your home, designed to maximize your homes solar intake, referred to as sun rooms or conservatories, to capture more more solar energy. If the venti
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lation for these additions is properly designed the incoming energy not only provide heat to the sun room itself, but can be extended via convection or forced air systems to help heat the rest of your home. A significant challenge for the next generation
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of modern dwellings is the integration of advanced window technologies, superior day lighting and passive solar heating for buildings in cold climates. New technology developments, in particular with advanced windows and airtight envelopes, make many ol
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der passive solar "rules-of-thumb" obsolete, and require the use of energy performance analysis tools. The use of environmental modelling, a new and invaluable design tool that provides a detailed computer analysis of the internal environment with predic
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tions of temperature, airflow, CO2 concentrations and daylight levels will help in designing more energy efficient houses. With a bit of planning, passive solar energy design can reduce your energy requirements which also reduces the amount of energy you
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r micro-solar and wind power plant has to produce. Alain Prudhomme writes about the issues surrounding the micro-generation of renewable energy for homes as well as on the contentious and controversial issues surrounding global warming and climate change
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. You can find more resources at http://www.renewablehomeenergysolutions.com Nielsen book ratings essentially imply a measure of the sales of books by means of point-of-sale software systems installed in the leading retail bookshops all across the globe
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. As per the words of Jim King, the senior vice president of The Nielsen Company, Nielsen book ratings have gained popularity as a standard source of information. They are being relied upon heavily by the world's leading publications and media corporates
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. For instance, Dow Jones & Company, a leading publication house globally, incorporates Nielsen ratings in one of its largest selling business publications called The Wall Street Journal. For inclusion in this publication, these book's ratings by Nielsen
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are customized in the form of bestseller charts. The alliance between the two companies, Nielsen and Dow Jones & Company, is further extended as the book ratings find a coveted place in WSJ.com or The Wall Street Journal Digital Network. As per the clai
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ms of The Nielsen Company, these book ratings are a reliable measure of book sales for use by the concerned entities of publishers, book libraries, global media, booksellers, and authors. Dishonest claims really, considering the fact that the company has
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always been partial and heavily biased in favor of conservative book writers like Sarah Palin and Bill O'Rielly, reporting their bulk sales as part of their overall sales. Now, somebody may ask Jim King why the bulk sales are not reported in case of bus
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iness authors. Why their bulk sales get disqualified? Simply because the company has an agreement with The Wall Street Journal? With criticism growing by the end of the day, there can be no denying the facts. Yes, it is a fact that Nielsen point-of-sale
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software system, called BookScan, is not implemented by several leading retail bookstores, including Wal-Mart. And, in the absence of these outlets, how can Nielsen numbers be considered a true measure of an author's rating? As per The Nielsen Company cl
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aims, it covers around 75% of book sales globally. However, with retail stores like Wal-Mart refusing to report their sales numbers to Nielsen, who is there to validate the authenticity of such big claims? Another reason why you cannot expect an accurate
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picture is that Nielsen ignores a majority of independent bookstores all around the world. And, these book channels can actually cater to a big consumer base. Being extensively used by publishers, Nielsen ratings stand testimony to further discrepancies
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as the bulk purchases, by authors, get recorded as separate sales entries. And, reselling by consumers gets counted as a valid sales entry. The software, BookScan, is further limited in the sense that it does not keep track of the sales or the number of
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books supplied to institutions like libraries. And, with the publishers deciding to use these ratings as a standard measure of sales, the authors are the entities suffering the most in terms of their money advances and royalties. A structure is needed w
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here leading retail outlets like Wal-Mart as well as other grocery outlets start making use of The Nielsen Company services. But, till that time, a better approach would be to consider Nielsen ratings as a mere insight to book sales and not as a standard
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measure of sales. Read more about BookScan software by visiting us at the provided link If you are like most people your desk, office or end table is stacked with piles of newspapers, magazines or reports waiting to be read. We all like to stay up to da
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te so we subscribe to more publications that we think we need then we have the time to read. Just think of how many daily, weekly, bi-weekly and monthly publications to which you are subscribed. And this is just the hard copy items, you get many more onl
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ine each day.One of the best online organizers that are also free is the Google Reader to keep online publications and newsletters organized. In one place on a single screen you can see all your publications along with how many items you have unread by p
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ublication. It also gives you a brief description of what the newsletter, post or article is about so you can quickly scan to read, save or delete.Sadly, such convenience is not available for the hard copy publications. These trade journals, newspapers a
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nd miscellaneous magazines end up in your "reading pile". I have one that easily measures two feet tall before it falls over and I go through the pile. This often means just taking the pile to the recycle bin. Sometimes I take a couple of moments to glan
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ce through the pile.If I do glance through the pile I will do the following: * Newspapers over three days old I immediately toss. I then quickly scan the last couple of days newspaper and pull out what I want to read and place them in the library (aka th
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e basket by the toilet) throwing the rest away. * Magazines that are over two issues old I put in the recycle bin. If I find that there are magazines that are constantly being thrown away and never read I place it on my To Do list for cancellation. * If
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I really like a magazine but never get around to reading it I will go online and see if a RSS feed or online version is available. The RSS feed is great and it goes right to the Google Reader. That way I can scan the topics along with a brief description
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of the article.Here is a quick tip to handle those magazines piling up on your desk or in the room. Scan the table of contents and rip out the pages that interest you. That will make your stack smaller and more manageable. I do the same thing for volumi
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nous reports at work. There may be only one or two pages that concern me or my task. I rip them out and recycle the rest of the report. Why keep 30 or more pages for just the one or two you will need to keep or reference back to at some point.Daniel has
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spent his career helping people uncover the truth. Visit Daniel's latest website that explores the wholesale candle supplies and various making soy candles that will help you locate and benefit from the best values we found from vendors and suppliers aro
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und the world A crucial part to our overall well-being is safety from dangerous substances and areas. Therefore, in order to protect ourselves and our health there are some signs and symbols we should know. The signs are found on a number of containers
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and in areas such as a lab or construction site. The signs and symbols are used to symbolize that a substance or area is a potential hazard. These symbols are regulated by OSHA to ensure workplace safety and health. Thus, you will notice that these signs
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are standard except for a possible color variation that represents a particular danger. Among the most familiar signs for a hazardous substance or place is the skull and crossbones. This symbol usually stands for poison; however, today it means somethin
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g is lethal. This simply means that if the chemical is ingested, inhaled, or inadequately mixed with any other hazardous element it could end in a serious injury or death. The symbol of a yellow background with black fan blades is a representation for ra
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diation. Although radiation is successfully used to treat cancer patients, it is hazardous to a healthy person's body. When working near radiation, protective clothing is mandatory to protect your health. The symbol of a circle with three interwoven arcs
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through it is the sign for a bio-hazard risk which is any element transmitted by means of the air or skin contact. You will find that this sign usually has an orange or yellow background with the symbol being black. However, at times the background will
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be white and have a black symbol. A high voltage sign can ordinarily be found in a location where an ample amount of electricity is used or electrocution is possible. Such locations include a construction site or your local power plant. This sign is esp
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ecially applicable during a storm when electrical lines are down. This sign is represented by a lightning bolt in the center of a triangle. A warning sign is commonly utilized as a generic representation of a potentially hazardous situation. A triangle w
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ith an exclamation point in the center is commonly used as the symbol. It is used to caution individuals of a variety of potential dangerous situations from icy pavement to falling rock. Although these are among the most important, they do not cover all
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the symbols used. Therefore, be sure to always take precaution. You should leave an area as soon as possible if you encounter a symbol that you are unsure of its meaning. Vic Hurlstorm writes about LED outdoor signs at the website http://hubpages.com/hub
pluto.business.ecu.edu
/led-outdoor-sign Everywhere we go, we see signs. When we enter a building, there are usually signs instructing us where to enter and where to exit. They are important for keeping our society safe from danger. There are several important hazard signs I'd
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like to share with you, each of which are intended to keep you safe.1. Fire Exit SignThis sign is seen in all public and private establishments because it is mandatory by law to have a fire exit. This sign will direct people to the nearest safe exit if
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a fire happens to occur.2. Mandatory SignThis sign is seen in different forms. One form is the type you see on the road which mandates a driver to get in a particular lane if wanting to turn left or right. A second form is the type you would encounter in
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a building or construction zone. This sign would have mandatory safety gear regulations you would have to follow if you want to enter that area.3. Prohibition SignA prohibition sign, usually a circle with a diagonal line through it, is used to implement
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some act that is not allowed. A few examples of this type of sign are no trespassing, no u-turn, and no smoking. In order to ensure that others around you are safe, it is important you follow these rules.4. Warning SignThis sign, which is usually identi
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fied as an exclamation point inside a triangle, is one of the most important signs you will encounter. This sign warns individuals that there is a hazardous situation ahead of them. For instance, if you are driving down the highway, you might see a warni
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ng sign for "falling rock" in that area. If you are at your workplace, you might encounter a "wet floor" sign. If you were to enter a lab, you might find a sign that says "Bio-hazard", "Chemical", or "Explosive."All of these hazard warning signs play a c
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rucial position in keeping our society safe. They are all enforced by OSHA, Occupational Safety and Health Authority, to ensure that workplaces are safe. By posting these signs, people are able to practice caution when approaching a dangerous area. Indiv
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iduals are also able to exit safely in the case of a fire.Vic Hurlstorm writes about personalized street sign at the website http://www.squidoo.com/personalizedstreetsign. A neighborhood produce co-op is a way to get the community working together. It is
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also helps some of the less fortunate families in the area to be able to get sufficient food to feed their families. Organizing and managing a produce co-op can be one of the most rewarding things you will ever do in your life.What kind of skills or edu
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cation should I have?You should be able to talk to and relate to people from a variety of different socio-economic backgrounds. You should have at least some knowledge of farming in general as well as how a co-op works before you begin. Finally, you shou
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ld also have some skills with conflict resolution.What do I need to start?Most neighborhood produce co-ops operate with a community garden, although member gardens help to contribute to the co-op as well. Once the garden or gardens are in place, it is im
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portant to decide what to plant. Each gardener will grow a crop he or she will bring in to trade for other items that he or she needs or wants so that everyone can have a variety. The surplus can be sold for profits benefiting the entire co-op equally.Wh
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at are the risks?Poor leadership, poor weather and poor crop results are the primary risks. If there is a good harvest one year, however, the majority of the people will be more inclined to try again the following year. Keep in mind that the membership o
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f the co-op is fluid; people will join and others will drop out.Who are the competitors? Technically, since everyone is working within the system of the co-op there is no competition.What are the financial risks involved?There is the possibility that eve
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ryone's crops will fail and no one will have either food or money as a result. As the garden gets bigger the owner of the land may ask for more and more rent. You cannot solve everyone's problems. The whole concept of the co-op is for everyone to work to
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gether and work toward a common goal as one.Where will this work best? A produce co-op works best in smaller areas where people know one another and will work together. Close knit neighborhoods are probably going to be more receptive to the idea of a co-
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op than larger communities.How does it get started? As with other business ventures, this one gets started with an idea and a meeting. The best time to start planning for a neighborhood produce co-op is during the winter months so everyone can decide whe
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ther they really want to commit to it, what they would like to grow and how much time they have to dedicate.GreenCareersGuide.com is the #1 green careers website on Google. We have the most comprehensive database of articles on green jobs. Whatever your
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stage of life, we have you covered. Green careers, green training, and green entrepreneurship articles are only a small part of our exhaustive green career site. There are tremendous upsides to having a green career.http://www.GreenCareersGuide.com There
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is just a feeling of satisfaction that comes with brightening someone else's day. There are so many different ways to make someone smile, but one of the easiest ways is to simply give a compliment. We should all strive to give other's credit where credi
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t is due each and every day.Giving a compliment, in its most basic form, means acknowledging someone else's efforts and expressing gratitude for their contribution. Compliments can come in many forms. An expression of thanks could be a form of a complime
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nt. Writing a letter expressing feelings of appreciation is a great way to offer compliments as well. One could even give a simple compliment based on platonic things like another's physical appearance. The trick to giving a compliment is to make it sinc
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ere, give them at the appropriate time and to not "overdo" it.The art of giving a sincere compliment is really very simple to adopt. Only say what you genuinely mean. If you legitimately like the work that someone has done on a professional piece or if y
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ou honestly think someone looks attractive in what they are wearing, let them know! When it all comes down to it, the majority of people feel a little insecure and truly appreciate the validation of others. Whether you just tell someone his or her eyes a
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re pretty, or that they gave a great presentation, you can have a positive impact on someone else's life. Being sincere means speaking from the heart, but do not forget that compliments are mean to build other's self esteems. So remember the counsel from
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Bambi, "If you can't say anything nice, don't say nothing at all." Make it sincere, but only say it if it will make the recipient feel good about themselves. If it does not make them feel good, then it's not a compliment. And if you don't really believe
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what you say, then it is not sincere.Have you ever known someone who likes to compliment others in front of a crowd? I think we have all witnessed a child who makes an effort to share with their playmates only when parents are around and as soon as ther
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e is no adult supervision, they turn back to their selfish ways. Unfortunately, adults have been known for doing this same thing in public. They will compliment their coworkers in front of their boss so they look kind or like their approval is important
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to others. In reality, compliments should be given in private conversation. Of course, there are moments when public recognition for a job well-done is necessary, but small, every day compliments should be given in private and not in public so that the r
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ecipient is not forced to wonder the intent of the compliment. In other words, they should not ask themselves, "Did he/she really mean that or were they saying that so they could look nice in front of everyone else?"I remember attending a summer camp whe
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n I was 16-years-old. I was sitting at a table for lunch full of attractive females when a young man swaggered by. He stopped at our table and singled out one of the girls in an effort to give her a compliment. We all listened closely, being the nosey te
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enagers that we were. "Veronica, seriously, your hair looks so awesome today, I love it when you wear it straight," he said. By this point we were all a little jealous. Being a very polite and modest girl, she quietly thanked him and left. When he left,
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she proceeded to tell us that he gives her compliments like that on a daily basis. Compliments that really do not do anything for her self-esteem because she has seen him give the same compliment to a dozen other girls, and tomorrow he'll tell her he lov
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es her hair when it's curly. She was just feeling harassed by his hollow compliments.Giving a genuine compliment is one of the kindest ways to lift someone's spirits. You never know what kind of day someone is having and what sort of impact your few word
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s could have on their outlook. What if we all made an effort to give three sincere compliments each day? Not only could you strengthen the relationships with those you love most, but you could actually make the world a happier place, full of people who f
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eel appreciated.Courtney is the manager of the bath and body workshop where you can learn how beauty products work. Follow the link to learn more about her most recent venture, the bath & body store, Sweetly You The jobless rate reached 10.2 percent as O
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ctober ended, marking the highest level of unemployment in nearly three decades. Percentages are just statistics; the reality is there are 15.7 million men and women who want to work but cannot find a job. Add to this the underemployed, those who are wor
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king part-time even though they would like full-time work and those who are off the unemployment roles and simply given up looking for a job, and the numbers nearly double. This impacts seniors, particularly pre-boomers, in several ways.A jobless recover
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y means a slow recovery. Consumer spending, which accounts for more than two-thirds of the nation's Gross Domestic Product (GDP), will not be the driving force it has been following most other recessions. The unemployed and underemployed coupled with a l
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ike number of people who fear losing their jobs might account for upwards of half the total available workforce. The result is less consumer spending overall.Less spending is contagious. Even those who have not been personally impacted by the country's f
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inancial woes and believe they are relatively safe when it comes to job security are not spending as they have in the past. Direct payroll deposits keep cash in the bank while rising credit card rates tend to affect short-term purchases, making the buyin
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g of everyday items a less than everyday occurrence. According to a recent Gallup poll, daily spending among baby boomers, who account for 36 percent of adults, is down nearly 35 percent from last year.The mostly fixed income pre-boomers (those born betw
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een 1930 and 1945) usually spend less than younger consumers. However, the economic downturn has caused their daily spending to drop by about 45 percent. So while boomers are nervous about spending, pre-boomers are simply scared. There are sound reasons
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for this concern: savings have suffered, homes are worth less, health care benefits are scheduled to be cut and inflation looms on the horizon.The cutting-edge boomers, those 60+ and nearing retirement age, are not likely to return to their spending ways
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unless the economy shows vitality on all fronts. Pre-boomers won't be spending until the recovery is proved viable and they see their retirement savings return to, or near, previous levels.This leaves the trailing boomers, generation X and generation Y
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consumers to do the spending; however, these are the same demographic groups that will be required to purchase health insurance in order to pay for those who can't afford insurance. In addition, faced with higher taxes - energy taxes, a national sales ta
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x as well as increased state and local taxes -- will these groups be willing to step up and start buying? Or, have we run out of the kinds of consumers this country has depended upon to whip out their credit cards and cry, "Charge?"Don Potter, a Philadel
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phia native, was born in 1936 and is a 50 year veteran of the advertising agency business. Now living in Los Angeles, he has written two novels in retirement, frequently writes on marketing issues, and has a blog dedicated to pre-boomers (those born betw
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een 1930 and 1945).Read more articles for and about pre-boomers with thoughts, comments and opinions designed to spark thinking, foster discussion, and stimulate debate by logging on to http://www.pre-boomermusings.com A government is an organization in
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a community or political entity that has the power to enact and enforce laws and maintain the peace and order. A government is necessary since is it considered the leadership of an organization, community or political entity.Laws are important since it d
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efines the behavior of citizens. It defines which are legal or illegal. Without laws, an activity can not be known if it a crime or not. The law-making role of the government creates a code of conduct for individuals to follow.Another role of the governm
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ent is the maintenance of peace and order. The police and fire department ensures that crimes like murder, theft, arson, etc. are prevented or minimized. If a crime does happen, it is their role to look into how the crime happened and apprehend the perpe
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trators.Government also promotes harmony though justice and equality. Once a crime is solved by the police, it is the duty of the judicial branch of the government to bring the perpetrator to court for fair trial and punishment. It makes sure that the ri
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ght person gets into jail for the right reason.It is also the role of the government to build roads, bridges, rail systems and other infrastructure. These are important since it makes moving about easier and more convenient. It also makes doing business
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a lot easier since goods and services can be moved faster from the source of production to the marketplace.Another role of the government is to provide children with public access to basic education. It is essential that children learn how to read, write
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and count.Another role of the government is to collect taxes and ensure that these taxes fund the right projects that are beneficial to society. Money is needed to build public schools, roads and bridges and provide services like welfare assistance, hea
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lth care, unemployment benefits, etc. This is where taxes come in. The government collects taxes from individuals and business so that schools, roads and other infrastructure are built.It is also important that the government protect its security from th
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reats. It is the role of the government to have a military force to defend its territory from external threats like terrorism, war and invasion. The government's police force protects the citizens against internal threats like civil disobedience, organiz
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ed crime, lawlessness, insurrection.Another role of the government is to have foster relations with other governments. In an era of globalization, it is important that governments work with each other to maintain world peace and prosperity.Visit these si
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tes if you want more information about why is government necessary or why censorship answer it in particular. Perhaps, you have noticed around town how many people are coughing, sniffling, and sneezing. Normally, we wouldn't really think much about it, b
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ut due to Swine Flu deaths, people are talking about it and fearful. The other day at Starbucks, I noted that I was the only one in the place that was not coughing besides the baristas. It seems people are not paying attention and they are going out into
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public while sick.Do they have a cold, do they have the flu, or do they have swine flu; or is it just the air-conditioning system which is set way too cold there? Who can say, but it might drive customers to think twice about going outside out into publ
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ic if everyone seems to be sick. Likewise, things seem to be getting worse as we head into this year's flu season.In fact, the USA Today stated that "N1H1: Pushing Hospitals to Their Limits" which is fairly scary because we are still early, very early in
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the season. This is going to be a huge problem apparently. The CDC working with hospitals have in some cases set up tents in the parking lots to keep Swine Flu patients without having them go into the Emergency Rooms filling them up and spreading the vi
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rus throughout the facilities.We also know that President Obama and the Administration has called for a "National Emergency" over this whole thing, and while he is taking flak for it politically from his opposition party, maybe that is what was needed. S
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till, only 11,000 Swine Flu vaccines have been administered which if you consider the population of the USA at 320 million, well, that is one-one-hundredth of a rounding error. So, we seem to have some serious issues here.Is your family safe, are you tak
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ing precautions, and what are your thought about all those who are not and continue to go to work, go to school, and go out into the public? Please consider all this.Lance Winslow is a retired Founder of a Nationwide Franchise Chain, and now runs the Onl
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ine Think Tank. Lance Winslow believes in protecting yourself and family and if you need blog content on such topics then go to http://www.bloggingcontent.com Adoption is not an easy choice for foreigners in Morocco. The main reason is that Moroccan law